Spinal Fusion Cost in Idaho (2026): Average Prices & What You'll Pay
What does a spinal fusion cost in Idaho?
Expect roughly $5,756 to $13,223 for a spinal fusion in Idaho if you're commercially insured — that range already folds in both the facility charge and the physician fee. The median reported facility price across 7 hospitals is $3,500. It's built from CMS fee schedules and federally mandated hospital price transparency data.
St. Luke's Health System dominates the Boise metro and much of the state, with Saint Alphonsus (Trinity Health) as the primary competitor. Low facility density outside the Treasure Valley and Panhandle means limited price competition for most of the state's geography. Boise prices are generally moderate relative to national averages.
Spinal fusion is among the highest-cost elective surgeries, with total episode costs (implant hardware, facility, anesthesia, and post-acute care) commonly exceeding $50,000 for multi-level procedures. The implant components alone can account for $15,000–$40,000 of the facility charge, and prices vary dramatically across hospitals for identical hardware. Seeking a second surgical opinion and confirming bundled vs. itemized billing before scheduling are the most impactful steps you can take.
Across 7 Idaho hospitals that publish prices, a spinal fusion runs from as little as $1,005 (IHC Health Services Inc., DBA Intermountain Health Cassia Regional Hospital in Burley) to $66,647 (EASTERN IDAHO REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER in Idaho Falls) — a 66.3× spread for the same procedure. A typical Idaho facility lands around $3,500 — most sit in the $2,026–$4,911 band. Insurers negotiate this down to a median of $1,005, while self-pay patients are quoted $4,050 — about 4× higher, so asking for the cash or insurer-negotiated rate is often the single biggest lever on your bill.
Forecast your out-of-pocket cost
- Lower-cost hospitals (bottom 25%): under $2,026
- Median hospital: $3,500
- Higher-cost hospitals (top 30%): $4,911+
That's a 2× spread for the same procedure — driven entirely by which facility you choose, not by clinical complexity.
- Patient A (higher-rate plan or out-of-network): ~$4,911
- Patient B (lower-rate in-network plan): ~$2,639
Where spinal fusion costs vary in Idaho
Pins show hospitals with price-transparency data (colored by vs. state average) and nearby ambulatory surgery centers, imaging centers, and other facilities (colored by type). Click any pin for facility name and estimated cost range.
See every Idaho hospital's price
The 5 cheapest are shown. Enter your email to reveal the rest of the map and unlock all 2 remaining facilities — instantly.
We'll email you the full Idaho price list as a PDF. Sourced from CMS files. No spam.
Estimate YOUR exact out-of-pocket cost →
Cheapest Spinal Fusion Providers in Idaho
Based on declared cash/self-pay prices from CMS hospital price transparency files.
| # | Facility | City | Price | vs Median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | IHC Health Services Inc., DBA Intermountain Health Cassia Regional Hospital | Burley, ID | $1,005 | -$2,495 |
| 2 | Treasure Valley Hospital Limited Partnership | ID | $3,048 | -$452 |
| 3 | Mountain View Hospital | Idaho Falls, ID | $3,500 | +$0 |
| 4 | Northwest Specialty Hospital | Post Falls, ID | $4,050 | +$550 |
| 5 | EASTERN IDAHO REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER | Idaho Falls, ID | $8,357 | +$4,857 |
| 6 | WEST VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER | Caldwell, ID | $9,305 | +$5,805 |
Prices are declared self-pay rates. Contact each facility for a formal quote before scheduling.
The facility you choose matters more than almost anything else — the same procedure, same quality, same state can cost 5× more at one hospital versus the one down the road.
→ Compare all procedure costs → Spinal Fusion costs nationwide
Check YOUR hospital's pricing → Estimate YOUR exact cost →
What you'll actually pay — example scenarios
| Your situation | Estimated out-of-pocket |
|---|---|
| Deductible not yet met (pay in full) | ~$8,695 |
| Deductible met — 20% coinsurance | ~$1,739 |
| Out-of-network provider | $19,129+ |
Based on a typical episode cost of $8,695 (facility + physician fees). Your actual cost depends on your plan deductible, coinsurance rate, and network tier. Get YOUR personalized estimate →
What this means for you
If you haven't met your deductible, you are effectively a cash-pay patient.
That means:
- You should verify your hospital is in-network before an elective visit when possible
- The cheapest facility can save you $3,435+ vs. the median.
This is the single biggest lever most patients have to reduce their cost.
Lower-cost options in Idaho start around $2,026 or below. Most hospitals cluster between $2,026 and $6,204. A smaller group reports prices above that — often academic medical centers or high-cost markets.
If you're comparing specific hospitals, the lowest self-pay rates reported in this dataset include: Mountain View Hospital in Idaho Falls (cash price from $3,500); Northwest Specialty Hospital in Post Falls (cash price from $4,050); EASTERN IDAHO REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER in Idaho Falls (cash price from $8,357). These are declared cash prices — contact each facility for a formal quote before scheduling.
How where you go changes what you pay for spinal fusion
The same spinal fusion bundles different services depending on the setting — facility fee, surgeon fee, and anesthesia each arrive as separate bills. Estimated ranges below reflect the typical full bundled cost, including all expected charges.
- Facility fee $65–$9,305
- Professional fee $569–$7,784
Estimated from CMS fee schedules + commercial rate multipliers
- Facility fee $65–$3,048
- Professional fee $569–$7,784
Estimated from CMS fee schedules + commercial rate multipliers
- Best value hospitals (lowest prices): West Shoshone Hospital District 1: $65; IHC Health Services Inc., DBA Intermountain Health Cassia Regional Hospital: $1,005; Treasure Valley Hospital Limited Partnership: $3,048
- Most expensive (outpatient): WEST VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER: ~$9,305; EASTERN IDAHO REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER: ~$8,357
→ Choosing the right facility can save $3,435+ vs. the state median.
Idaho Spinal Fusion prices by facility
All prices below come from hospital chargemasters — the official price lists each hospital must publish under federal law. Gross charge is the undiscounted list price; cash price is the self-pay rate; negotiated range covers the spread across insurance contracts.
- Cash price — the self-pay rate you can actually negotiate and pay
- Negotiated rate — if reported by the hospital across insurance contracts
- Gross charge — fallback only; this is the inflated list price few people pay
This reflects the real prices patients encounter — not inflated chargemaster rates.
| # | Facility | City | Your Price | vs Median | Gross Charge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | West Shoshone Hospital District 1 | Kellogg, ID | $65 | -$3,435 | $1,102–$1,942 |
| #2 | IHC Health Services Inc., DBA Intermountain Health Cassia Regional Hospital | Burley, ID | $1,005 | -$2,495 | $1,005–$1,315 |
| #3 | Treasure Valley Hospital Limited Partnership | ID | $3,048 | -$452 | $1,762–$22,000 |
| #4 | Mountain View Hospital | Idaho Falls, ID | $3,500 | +$0 | $3,500–$14,210 |
| #5 | Northwest Specialty Hospital | Post Falls, ID | $4,050 | +$550 | $4,050–$32,096 |
| #6 | EASTERN IDAHO REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER | Idaho Falls, ID | $8,357 | +$4,857 | $1,154–$66,647 |
| #7 | WEST VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER | Caldwell, ID | $9,305 | +$5,805 | $1,154–$40,059 |
Unlock all 2 remaining Idaho hospitals
Enter your email to reveal the full table instantly — and we'll email you the complete price list as a PDF to keep.
We'll email you the full Idaho price list as a PDF. Sourced from CMS files. No spam.
Source: CMS hospital price transparency machine-readable files. vs Median = savings or premium relative to the state median price. Gross Charge = undiscounted list price for reference.
Received a bill? Check it for errors → Estimate YOUR cost before you go →
Compare other procedures in Idaho:
Where you can save the most on spinal fusion in Idaho
These facilities have the lowest declared prices relative to the state median — they represent the best opportunities to reduce your out-of-pocket cost for this procedure.
| Facility | City | Your Price | vs Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| West Shoshone Hospital District 1 | Kellogg, ID | $65 | -$3,435 |
| IHC Health Services Inc., DBA Intermountain Health Cassia Regional Hospital | Burley, ID | $1,005 | -$2,495 |
| Treasure Valley Hospital Limited Partnership | ID | $3,048 | -$452 |
| Mountain View Hospital | Idaho Falls, ID | $3,500 | +$0 |
| Northwest Specialty Hospital | Post Falls, ID | $4,050 | +$550 |
How to choose a lower-cost facility
- Choose independent outpatient centers when possible — freestanding ASCs (ambulatory surgical centers) consistently charge less than hospital outpatient departments for identical procedures.
- Ask for the cash price if your deductible isn't met — self-pay rates are often lower than what insurance pays before your deductible is satisfied, especially at facilities that have a high cash-price discount.
- Avoid hospital outpatient departments for routine cases — hospital-owned locations add a facility fee that freestanding centers don't charge, often adding $500–$1,500 to the same procedure.
Most expensive spinal fusion providers in Idaho
These facilities report the highest prices for this procedure. Academic medical centers and specialty hospitals often top this list — their gross charges rarely reflect what anyone actually pays, but understanding the spread helps you negotiate.
| Facility | City | Price | vs Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| WEST VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER | Caldwell, ID | $9,305 | +$5,805 |
| EASTERN IDAHO REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER | Idaho Falls, ID | $8,357 | +$4,857 |
| Northwest Specialty Hospital | Post Falls, ID | $4,050 | +$550 |
| Mountain View Hospital | Idaho Falls, ID | $3,500 | +$0 |
| Treasure Valley Hospital Limited Partnership | ID | $3,048 | -$452 |
Why prices vary this much
Setting drives much of the gap in Idaho: the median outpatient price is $3,500 versus $1,556 inpatient, so where a procedure is performed often matters more than which hospital you choose. Of the Idaho facilities reporting prices, 2 fall in a low-cost tier (up to $2,026) while 2 sit in a high-cost tier ($6,204 and up) — a lower-priced option almost always exists within the same state.
The spread comes from how each hospital sets its chargemaster (the undiscounted list price), what cash discounts it applies, and what rates it negotiates with each insurer. Facility classification matters too — a hospital-owned outpatient center adds a facility fee that a freestanding clinic does not. Understanding these mechanics is the first step to paying less.
Learn more:
→ Allowed amount vs negotiated rate — what your EOB is really saying
→ How to read your medical bill
→ Why hospital prices are so hard to find — and what to do about it
How insurance changes what you actually pay
Hospital list prices are only part of the picture. What you pay out of pocket depends on your deductible, your plan's out-of-pocket maximum, whether the facility is in-network, and whether your plan classifies the visit as outpatient or inpatient. A lower gross charge doesn't guarantee a lower bill if the facility is out-of-network or adds facility fees your plan doesn't cover.
Understand your cost before you go:
→ Deductible vs out-of-pocket max
→ EOB vs medical bill — complete guide
→ How to stop medical bill problems before they start (in-network vs out-of-network)
Spinal Fusion Costs by Metro Area in Idaho
Prices vary across Idaho metro areas based on local hospital competition, wage adjustments, and facility mix. Explore detailed facility price data for each metro area:
Compare spinal fusion costs in nearby states
Frequently asked questions: spinal fusion costs in Idaho
How much does a spinal fusion cost in Idaho?
Across 7 Idaho hospitals that publish prices, a spinal fusion ranges from $1,005 to $66,647, with a median of $3,500. Most facilities fall between $2,026 and $4,911. What you pay depends on the facility, your insurance, and whether you have met your deductible.
Where is the cheapest place to get a spinal fusion in Idaho?
Based on declared prices, the lowest-cost facility in our Idaho data is West Shoshone Hospital District 1 in Kellogg at about $65. By metro, Idaho Falls has the lowest median ($5,928). Freestanding ambulatory surgery and imaging centers are often cheaper still and may not appear in hospital price data — ask your doctor whether one is an option.
Why is a spinal fusion so much cheaper at some Idaho hospitals?
Prices vary up to 66.3× because each hospital sets its own list price, cash discount, and insurer-negotiated rates. In Idaho, the median cash (self-pay) price is $4,050 versus a median negotiated rate of $1,005 — about 4× higher. Asking for the cash price or your insurer's negotiated rate is often the single biggest lever on what you pay.
How much will I actually pay out of pocket for a spinal fusion in Idaho?
Your out-of-pocket cost depends on your deductible, coinsurance, out-of-pocket maximum, and whether the facility is in-network — not just the sticker price. If you have not met your deductible, you will typically pay the negotiated rate in full until you do. Use the CostKits cost forecaster to estimate your specific out-of-pocket amount before you go.
Explore all spinal fusion cost data
→ See spinal fusion costs across all states
Other Idaho Hospitals for Spinal Fusion
These hospitals are registered in the CMS National Provider Identifier (NPI) registry as active hospitals in Idaho. Cost estimates use the bundled service model for each place of service. Contact them directly for a formal quote.
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1958
6198384593 |
POCATELLO, ID | Rural Acute Care Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BEAR LAKE COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
2088471630 |
MONTPELIER, ID | Critical Access Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BEAR LAKE COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
2088474327 |
MONTPELIER, ID | Critical Access Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BEAR LAKE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
2088471630 |
MONTPELIER, ID | Critical Access Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BINGHAM MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
2087854100 |
BLACKFOOT, ID | Critical Access Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BMH INC
2087854100 |
BLACKFOOT, ID | Critical Access Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BMH, INC
2087853866 |
BLACKFOOT, ID | Critical Access Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BOISE INTENSIVE CARE HOSPITAL, INC.
8665999925 |
MERIDIAN, ID | General Acute Care Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BOISE VA HOSPITAL
2084221338 |
BOISE, ID | General Acute Care Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BOISE VAMC
7023413164 |
BOISE, ID | General Acute Care Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BONNER GENERAL HOSPITAL, INC
2082653731 |
SANDPOINT, ID | Rural Acute Care Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BONNER GENERAL HOSPITAL, INC.
2082651101 |
SANDPOINT, ID | General Acute Care Hospital | $634–$17,089 bundled est. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
▼ Show 105 more Idaho hospitals
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Est. cost = bundled estimate (facility fee + professional fee + anesthesia where applicable) based on CMS fee schedules and commercial rate multipliers. Contact each provider for an actual quote.
Source: CMS NPPES NPI Registry. NPI numbers can be verified at npiregistry.cms.hhs.gov.
What's Actually on Your Spinal Fusion Bill
A spinal fusion involves multiple providers — each bills separately. Understanding each line item helps you verify your Explanation of Benefits and catch billing errors.
Hospital Inpatient
- Drg Facility Stay — DRG 451 (lumbar single-level, no MCC) or DRG 472 (cervical ACDF with CC) used as article defaults. Full DRG tree is complex.
- Spine Surgeon Professional Fee
- Anesthesia
- Implant Hardware Cost — Screws, rods, cages, bone graft. Hardware adds $5,000–$30,000+ depending on number of levels and approach.
- Neuromonitoring (conditional) — Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring is common for complex fusions. Billed by a separate technician/neurologist.
Spinal Fusion Cost by Type
Which type your doctor orders changes the billing code — and what you pay. Here's how the common types differ.
Lumbar Spinal Fusion (Single Level)
A recognized variation that can change the billing code and what you owe. Most common. L4-L5 or L5-S1. Lower cost.
Cervical ACDF (Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion)
A recognized variation that can change the billing code and what you owe. Neck fusion approach. ACDF is the most common cervical spine surgery.
Multi-Level Fusion
A recognized variation that can change the billing code and what you owe. 2+ vertebral levels. Significantly higher hardware cost and complexity.
Prior Authorization Is Usually Required
Most commercial and Medicare Advantage plans require pre-approval for spinal fusion before scheduling. If your doctor submits the order without prior authorization — or if the authorization lapses — your insurer can deny the entire claim, leaving you responsible for the full cost.
Action step: Call the member services number on your insurance card before scheduling. Ask: "Does this procedure require prior authorization?" Get the authorization number in writing and confirm it's attached to the claim before your appointment.
Watch for Separate Bills from These Providers
A spinal fusion involves multiple providers: the facility, the operating physician, and often Anesthesia. These providers bill independently — and each one may or may not be in your network, even if the facility is.
Action step: Before your procedure, ask the facility coordinator to confirm that all participating providers are in-network on your plan. The No Surprises Act (2022) protects you from unexpected out-of-network bills in many scenarios — but not all. Request a Good Faith Estimate (GFE) if you ask for one.
The Implant Is the Largest Cost Driver
For spinal fusion, the implant or device typically accounts for 40–70% of the total hospital bill. Surgeons have preferred device relationships that affect which implant is used — and different implants can vary by $5,000–$15,000 in cost.
What to ask: Request an itemized estimate that breaks out the implant separately. Ask your surgeon whether a comparable implant is available at a lower cost.
Who performs this: Spinal Fusion is typically performed by a Orthopedic Surgery (Spine) or Neurosurgery. The specialist's professional fee is billed separately from the facility charge — you will likely receive separate bills from each.
CostKits compiles hospital price transparency data to help families make informed decisions. If you've received a bill for this procedure:
→ Analyze your medical bill for errors
→ How to negotiate your medical bills
→ Track and manage your healthcare costs (free account)
Other Procedure Costs in Idaho
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- Childbirth Cost in Idaho
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- CT Chest Cost in Idaho
- CT Head Cost in Idaho
- CT Scan Cost in Idaho
- Echocardiogram Cost in Idaho
- Emergency Room Visit Cost in Idaho
- Endoscopy Cost in Idaho
- Hip Replacement Cost in Idaho
- Hysterectomy Cost in Idaho
- Knee Replacement Cost in Idaho
- Mammogram Cost in Idaho
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- Ultrasound Cost in Idaho
- X-Ray Cost in Idaho
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About the Author
John Caruso, FSA, MAAA
Healthcare actuary with 20+ years of experience in insurance pricing, medical billing systems, and healthcare cost analytics.
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